{"id":61465,"date":"2025-11-11T01:54:15","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T00:54:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/?page_id=61465"},"modified":"2025-11-17T23:01:13","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T22:01:13","slug":"ai-v-oblasti-kybernetickych-trestnych-cinu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/cs\/ai-in-cybersecurity-toolkit\/ai-in-cyber-offence\/","title":{"rendered":"Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence v kybernetick\u00e9 kriminalit\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"61465\" class=\"elementor elementor-61465\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd3475c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cd3475c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8e312b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b8e312b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-title-color=\"#0E093A\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d308a14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d308a14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">AI in Cyber Offence<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28d5968 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28d5968\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>How AI changes the Cyber Kill Chain<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a22df6 elementor-absolute dce_masking-none elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4a22df6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;,&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInRight&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"767\" height=\"773\" src=\"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/white-stair.svg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10938\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5623314 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5623314\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2d9d41 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e2d9d41\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" href=\"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/ai-in-cybersecurity-toolkit\/\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2cc5d elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d2cc5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Home<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-946b325 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"946b325\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" href=\"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/ai-in-cybersecurity-toolkit\/ai-in-cyber-defence\/\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fe1f36 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7fe1f36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">AI in Cyber Defence<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9b3aea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b9b3aea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" href=\"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/ai-in-cybersecurity-toolkit\/ai-in-cyber-offence\/\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974b42a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"974b42a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">AI in Cyber Offence<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b71c35f pb-0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b71c35f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24b2a66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24b2a66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Offensive cyber operations are deliberate actions conducted in cyberspace to infiltrate, disrupt, or destroy adversary systems in pursuit of strategic objectives. They are commonly framed through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lockheedmartin.com\/en-us\/capabilities\/cyber\/cyber-kill-chain.html\">Cyber Kill Chain<\/a>, a framework originally developed by Lockheed Martin. The framework breaks down an attack into a structured sequence of phases, tracing an adversary\u2019s progression from initial reconnaissance to the final actions taken to reach the objectives (e.g., data exfiltration or data destruction).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e291fba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e291fba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5478c95 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5478c95\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4051d4d e-con-full reconnaissance clickable-dark e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4051d4d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d7b78e e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile no-change e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d7b78e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0a058 elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bc0a058\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93f5cbf elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"93f5cbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0b9ef1 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a0b9ef1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reconnaissance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff13cb9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff13cb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Harvesting email addresses, conference information, etc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a490117 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a490117\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-521c000 e-con-full elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"521c000\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a97a2cb elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a97a2cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6f6e01 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"f6f6e01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fde48b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0fde48b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b37efcb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b37efcb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d19a8f0 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile no-change e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d19a8f0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e57db50 elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e57db50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9fbfb3 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"a9fbfb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a7f2ca e-con-full elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a7f2ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f091e08 elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f091e08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-548a777 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"548a777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f139cdd e-con-full weaponisation clickable-dark e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f139cdd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-241064a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"241064a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Weaponisation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d8587b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d8587b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Coupling exploit with backdoor into deliverable payload<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c3eb7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"22c3eb7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-266e8c3 e-con-full delivery clickable-dark e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"266e8c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd1ee7b elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd1ee7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Delivery<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2265759 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2265759\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Delivering weaponised bundle to the victim via email, web, USB, etc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0f1525 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile no-change e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c0f1525\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51cf4d6 elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51cf4d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd8f3eb elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"cd8f3eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c6f362 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c6f362\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-046f14f e-con-full elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"046f14f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9160f0 elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b9160f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dbf064 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"9dbf064\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7190e1b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7190e1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a418990 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a418990\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dda60ad e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile no-change e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dda60ad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ecb5ae elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ecb5ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e51bfb elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"0e51bfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8da279 e-con-full elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c8da279\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb64ec5 elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb64ec5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea0a199 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"ea0a199\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e8b3fb e-con-full exploitation clickable-dark e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1e8b3fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c00d03 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c00d03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Exploitation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb9e26d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb9e26d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Exploiting a vulnerability to execute code on victim&#8217;s system<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb54ba3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eb54ba3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3f7623 e-con-full installation clickable-dark e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d3f7623\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc61083 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc61083\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Installation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb018e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5eb018e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Installing malware on the asset<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b57827 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile no-change e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9b57827\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d00bfd elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d00bfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ab455b elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"6ab455b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cea69d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cea69d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da0d75e e-con-full elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"da0d75e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52b2b68 elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"52b2b68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c1333e elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"7c1333e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-114a689 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"114a689\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72e6d56 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"72e6d56\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbe50ae e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile no-change e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dbe50ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a92878 elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a92878\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3413010 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"3413010\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-940ba19 e-con-full elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"940ba19\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b65b5b elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7b65b5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b7dbae elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"9b7dbae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07e9823 e-con-full command-control clickable-dark e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"07e9823\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f59dcf elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f59dcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Command &amp; Control (C2)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99e3f54 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99e3f54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Command channel for remote manipulation of victim<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0caa49e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0caa49e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68ddc2b e-con-full action-objectives clickable-dark e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"68ddc2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8338aa8 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8338aa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Actions on Objectives<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f916562 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f916562\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With &#8216;Hands on Keyboard&#8217; access, intruders accomplish their original goals<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73d4aa1 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile no-change e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"73d4aa1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6b7deb elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d6b7deb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a2c5a5 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"8a2c5a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f36f1e2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f36f1e2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e33ebb5 e-con-full elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e33ebb5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a182956 elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a182956\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0df5f49 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"0df5f49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4b9d8c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b4b9d8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd68367 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"dd68367\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\n\/\/ Script to handle click simulation based on class-to-ID matching\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\n    \/\/ Add click event listener to the document (event delegation)\n    document.addEventListener('click', function(event) {\n        let currentElement = event.target;\n        \n        \/\/ Traverse up the DOM tree to find an element with a class matching an ID\n        while (currentElement && currentElement !== document.body) {\n            \/\/ Get all classes from the current element\n            const classes = currentElement.classList;\n            \n            \/\/ Check each class to see if there's a matching ID element\n            for (let className of classes) {\n                \/\/ Check if an element exists with an ID matching this class\n                const matchingElement = document.getElementById(className);\n                \n                if (matchingElement) {\n                    \/\/ Find the tab-activator container\n                    const tabActivator = document.getElementById('tab-activator');\n                    \n                    if (tabActivator) {\n                        \/\/ Scroll to the tab-activator container smoothly\n                        tabActivator.scrollIntoView({ \n                            behavior: 'smooth', \n                            block: 'start' \n                        });\n                        \n                        \/\/ Wait a bit for scroll to complete, then simulate click\n                        setTimeout(function() {\n                            \/\/ Simulate click on the element with ID matching the class\n                            if (matchingElement) {\n                                matchingElement.click();\n                            }\n                        }, 300); \/\/ Small delay to allow scroll to complete\n                    } else {\n                        \/\/ If tab-activator doesn't exist, just click the matching element\n                        matchingElement.click();\n                    }\n                    \n                    \/\/ Only process the first matching class to avoid multiple clicks\n                    return;\n                }\n            }\n            \n            \/\/ Move up to the parent element\n            currentElement = currentElement.parentElement;\n        }\n    });\n});\n\n\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e16f543 pt-0 pb-0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e16f543\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed398cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed398cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In recent years, offensive cyber operations have intensified in both volume and complexity. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/top-cyber-threats\/\">Global cyberattacks are not only increasing sharply but also diversifying in type<\/a>: in 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/secure-iss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/IBM-Security-X-Force-Threat-Intelligence-Index-2023.pdf\">27% of global cyberattacks were extortion-based, 21% involved backdoors, and 17% ransomware<\/a>. Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing a major role in this escalation and diversification, enabling new forms of attack such as deepfakes or swarm malware, while strengthening traditional vectors like phishing or vulnerability exploitation. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfo.com\/news\/cybersecurity-attacks-generative-ai-security-ransom\/692176\/\">CFO Global Survey<\/a>, a striking 85% of cybersecurity professionals attribute the rise in attacks to the weaponisation of generative AI. In Bengaluru, India, a <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/bengaluru\/rs-938-crore-lost-to-cybercrooks-since-jan\/articleshow\/122075324.cms\">state report<\/a> confirmed this trend: by early 2025, 80% of phishing emails were AI-generated.<\/p><p>AI is transforming the Cyber Kill Chain itself, and it has the <a href=\"https:\/\/cset.georgetown.edu\/publication\/a-national-security-research-agenda-for-cybersecurity-and-artificial-intelligence\/\">potential to supercharge every stage of offensive cyber campaigns<\/a>. The speed and scale at which AI reshapes this chain has become a pressing national security concern.<\/p><p>This toolkit focuses specifically on AI as an attack enabler, exploring how it transforms the different stages of the Cyber Kill Chain.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ada6a6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2ada6a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"tab-activator\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FFFFFF00\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65c1cb4f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65c1cb4f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bbf7813 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"4bbf7813\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1270839315\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"reconnaissance\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-12708393151\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393151\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReconnaissance\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"weaponisation\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-12708393152\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393152\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tWeaponisation\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"delivery\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-12708393153\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393153\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tDelivery\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"exploitation\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-12708393154\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393154\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tExploitation\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"installation\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-12708393155\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393155\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tInstallation\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"command-control\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-12708393156\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393156\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCommand and control\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"action-objectives\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-12708393157\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"7\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393157\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 7;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAction on objectives\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-12708393158\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-12708393158\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"8\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393158\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 8;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion questions\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-12708393159\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-12708393159\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"9\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393159\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 9;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tBibliography\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393151\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"reconnaissance\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-2d27c8ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d27c8ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5baa7993 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5baa7993\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-560ac75e elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"560ac75e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reconnaissance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57c87746 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"57c87746\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ddacd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16ddacd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The attacker gathers information about the target, such as employee details, emails, or system data, to plan their attack.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e5f8c33 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1e5f8c33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How AI changes reconnaissance: <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71790fb7 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71790fb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>AI automates and speeds up open-source intelligence gathering by processing large volumes of public data (social media, corporate sites, leaked records) and by extracting structured artefacts such as subdomains, likely IP ranges and employee profiles. It also lowers the skill barrier for targeted social engineering by producing concise victim profiles suitable for spear-phishing.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-text-color=\"#E8EEFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-474c6e15 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"474c6e15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>Extent of impact: High. Automated OSINT substantially reduces time and expertise required.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FFFFFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61463a86 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61463a86\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-339af12c elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"339af12c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Case highlighted: ChatGPT as a reconnaissance assistant<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36e47179 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36e47179\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2307.06391\">cybersecurity researcher Sheetal Tamara<\/a> published a paper demonstrating how large language models such as ChatGPT can greatly accelerate the reconnaissance phase of an attack. Rather than spending hours writing scripts and manually collecting open-source intelligence, the researcher used a short series of conversational prompts, for example: \u201cList all subdomains you can find for examplecompany.com,\u201d \u201cSummarise the company\u2019s network topology based on publicly available information,\u201d and \u201cIdentify what operating systems and services are most likely running on these servers.\u201d<\/p><p>Within minutes, the model produced useful reconnaissance material, including:<\/p><ul><li>a list of domains and subdomains associated with the target company<\/li><li>likely IP address ranges<\/li><li>notes on SSL\/TLS configurations, potential open ports and common services<\/li><li>public employee information (from LinkedIn and press releases) that could be used for spear-phishing.<\/li><\/ul><p>Where OSINT collection would normally require hours or days of manual work, the experiment reduced the task to a conversational workflow that demanded far less technical expertise. The study therefore underscores how generative models can lower the barrier to automated reconnaissance, with clear implications for defensive practice and threat modelling.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26ac9bf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26ac9bf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b14c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-marcs-collapsible-content\" data-id=\"9b14c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"marcs-collapsible-content.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-wrapper\" data-widget-id=\"9b14c2b\" data-default-state=\"closed\" data-animation-duration=\"300\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-heading-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFurther readings\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"marcs-collapsible-content-9b14c2b\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-icon-closed\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-icon-opened\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- First nested container: Content Area -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-content-area elementor-element elementor-element-9b794e4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9b794e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<!-- Second nested container: Collapsible Content -->\n\t\t\t<div id=\"marcs-collapsible-content-9b14c2b\" class=\"marcs-collapsible-content-wrapper marcs-collapsible-hidden elementor-element elementor-element-b0d0a56 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b0d0a56\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8553f0 elementor-align-start elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"a8553f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Automated scanning tools - <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3726122.3726164\">\"Weaponizing AI in Cyberattacks A Comparative Study of AI powered Tools for Offensive Security\" (Annis &amp; Hamoudeh 2025)<\/a><br> The comparative study shows how automated tools (e.g., WebCopilot, Sublist3r, RustScan+Nmap) speed up network scanning and subdomain enumeration. Results highlight how AI could further automate offensive tasks such as simulating attack scenarios and dynamically adapting to defenses, paving the way for fully automated offensive security operations.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">AI tools for reconnaissance - <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cose.2022.103006\">\"The Threat of Offensive AI to Organizations\" (Mirsky et al. 2023)<\/a><br> The survey highlights 32 offensive AI tools using deep learning, reinforcement learning, and NLP to automate entry-point detection, persona building, and target selection. These tools enhance OSINT, enable realistic deepfakes for phishing, and let even inexperienced attackers plan and launch more impactful campaigns.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Information gathering and automatic exploitation - <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jisa.2020.102722\">\"Weaponized AI for cyber attacks\" (Yamin et al. 2021)<\/a><br> The research investigates recent cyberattacks that used AI-based techniques and identifies relevant mitigation strategies. It highlights various AI tools (e.g., GyoiThon, Deep Exploit) that can help collect data on the system, possible targets, and defense measures.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393152\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"weaponisation\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-44a1fe92 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"44a1fe92\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3278110 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3278110\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39e25539 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"39e25539\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Weaponisation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bb599ab elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6bb599ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d2ae45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d2ae45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The attacker uses the information uncovered during reconnaissance to build or customise a malicious payload (e.g., malware or exploits) and exploit the target&#8217;s weaknesses.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72aa9443 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72aa9443\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How AI changes weaponisation: <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92d733a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"92d733a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>AI streamlines the creation and tuning of malicious payloads by generating or modifying code and by testing variants against detection models. This can produce more discreet, adaptive and targeted payloads, including polymorphic variants that alter their appearance with each execution. Adversarial testing can be used to refine payloads prior to deployment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-text-color=\"#E8EEFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13802cf2 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13802cf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>Extent of impact: High. Automation accelerates and scales payload development.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FFFFFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e12c99b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e12c99b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39c13f1b elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"39c13f1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Case highlighted: AI-generated malware dropper in the wild<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5464f8f9 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5464f8f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.securityweek.com\/ai-generated-malware-found-in-the-wild\/\">cybersecurity analysts<\/a> identified a phishing campaign that initially appeared routine: a series of emails distributing a conventional malware payload. However, closer inspection of the dropper (i.e. the small programme responsible for installing and activating the primary malware) revealed an unusual feature.<\/p><p>The structure and syntax of the dropper indicated that it had been generated by a large language model rather than authored by a human programmer. Although it functioned as a simple wrapper, the AI-produced dropper was both polished and effective, demonstrating an ability to evade traditional detection methods. It successfully bypassed basic antivirus signatures and delivered the malware as intended.<\/p><p>This finding was notable as one of the first confirmed instances of AI-generated malicious code being deployed in the wild. While the underlying malware was not novel, the outsourcing of part of the weaponisation process to AI marked a significant development. It demonstrated how attackers could scale operations, reduce development costs, and adapt more quickly, while simultaneously complicating detection and response efforts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89461aa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"89461aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82605aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-marcs-collapsible-content\" data-id=\"82605aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"marcs-collapsible-content.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-wrapper\" data-widget-id=\"82605aa\" data-default-state=\"closed\" data-animation-duration=\"300\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-heading-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFurther readings\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"marcs-collapsible-content-82605aa\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-icon-closed\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-icon-opened\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- First nested container: Content Area -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-content-area elementor-element elementor-element-a304515 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a304515\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<!-- Second nested container: Collapsible Content -->\n\t\t\t<div id=\"marcs-collapsible-content-82605aa\" class=\"marcs-collapsible-content-wrapper marcs-collapsible-hidden elementor-element elementor-element-bf93a33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bf93a33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-413326b elementor-align-start elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"413326b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">AI-enhanced polymorphic malware - <a href=\"https:\/\/cardinalops.com\/blog\/polymorphic-ai-malware-detection\/\">\"Polymorphic AI Malware: A Real-World POC and Detection Walkthrough\" (Itkin 2025)<\/a><br> The article proposes a proof-of-concept of AI-powered polymorphic malware dynamically rewriting its code at runtime to evade detection, built as a keylogger that generates obfuscated payloads per execution.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Large language models for code generation - <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2503.01245\">\"Large Language Models for Code Generation: A Comprehensive Survey of Challenges, Techniques, Evaluation, and Applications\" (Huynh &amp; Lin 2025)<\/a><br> The survey shows how LLMs (e.g., CodeLlama, Copilot) can automatically generate executable code from natural language, lowering the barrier for malware creation, exploit development, and adaptation of payloads by attackers.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">AI-generated novel obfuscation techniques - <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IJCNN52387.2021.9534016\">\"ADVERSARIALuscator: An Adversarial-DRL Based Obfuscator and Metamorphic Malware SwarmGenerator\" (Sewak et al. 2021)<\/a><br> The article presents ADVERSARIALuscator, an AI that can automatically rewrite malware code to create many versions and look different every time in order to avoid detection by security systems. In tests, about one-third of these variants were able to bypass advanced security systems.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">AI-driven \"vibe-coding\" malware - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.itpro.com\/security\/hackers-are-using-ai-to-dissect-threat-intelligence-reports-and-vibe-code-malware\">\"Hackers are using AI to dissect threat intelligence reports and 'vibe code' malware\" (Kelly 2025)<\/a><br> In this news article, security researchers reported that hackers use generative AI to read and interpret threat intelligence reports, then automatically produce working malware. Dubbed \"vibe-coding,\" this technique translates human-readable analyses into code, enabling adversaries to quickly weaponise public cybersecurity research into exploits.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393153\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"delivery\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4560a88 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4560a88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daeb10d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"daeb10d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7483ed68 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7483ed68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Delivery<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-324ad489 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"324ad489\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-738150b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"738150b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The attacker launches the attack by transmitting the malicious payload to the target, often via phishing emails, fake websites, or insecure networks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44da5f2f elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"44da5f2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How AI changes delivery: <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f09cc5c elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f09cc5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>AI tailors and times delivery mechanisms to maximise success. It automates the generation of convincing phishing content, real-time deepfakes, adaptive chat interactions and realistic fraudulent web pages, and it uses reconnaissance data to choose the optimal moment and channel for delivery. This reduces the need for human skill in executing campaigns.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-text-color=\"#E8EEFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54532f31 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54532f31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>Extent of impact: High. AI markedly increases the persuasiveness and automation of delivery.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FFFFFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17b62d02 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"17b62d02\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b6ae149 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b6ae149\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Case highlighted: Deepfake CEO scam at Arup<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7db17db2 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7db17db2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 2024, staff at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.com\/business-money\/technology\/article\/deepfake-fraudsters-impersonate-ftse-chief-executives-z9vvnz93l\">UK engineering firm Arup<\/a> received what appeared to be a legitimate video call from their regional Chief Executive Officer. The executive urgently requested the transfer of funds in connection with a confidential transaction. The individual on screen replicated the CEO&#8217;s appearance, voice, and mannerisms with remarkable accuracy.<\/p><p>In reality, the caller was not the executive but a deepfake generated through AI, designed to imitate him in real time. Convinced of the authenticity of the interaction, staff authorised a sequence of transfers amounting to nearly 25 million US dollars.<\/p><p>This incident stands as one of the largest reported cases of AI-enabled social engineering during the delivery phase of a cyberattack. It illustrates that phishing need no longer depend on poorly crafted emails or dubious links. Instead, AI now enables the deployment of highly realistic audio and video impersonations that circumvent not only technical controls but also human judgement and trust.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20b7d9b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"20b7d9b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cfb8f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-marcs-collapsible-content\" data-id=\"9cfb8f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"marcs-collapsible-content.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-wrapper\" data-widget-id=\"9cfb8f7\" data-default-state=\"closed\" data-animation-duration=\"300\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-heading-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFurther readings\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"marcs-collapsible-content-9cfb8f7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-icon-closed\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-icon-opened\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- First nested container: Content Area -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-content-area elementor-element elementor-element-c57bc4f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c57bc4f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<!-- Second nested container: Collapsible Content -->\n\t\t\t<div id=\"marcs-collapsible-content-9cfb8f7\" class=\"marcs-collapsible-content-wrapper marcs-collapsible-hidden elementor-element elementor-element-0ba0c4a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0ba0c4a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4115e1 elementor-align-start elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"c4115e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">LLMs for social engineering and phishing at scale - <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2409.07587\">\"Exploring LLMs for Malware Detection: Review, Framework Design, and Countermeasure Approaches\" (Al-Karaki &amp; Khan 2024)<\/a><br> The article describes how LLMs can be used to automate phishing content, generate polymorphic malware and craft adversarial inputs.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">AI-powered social engineering - <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2407.15912\">\"The Shadow of Fraud: The Emerging Danger of AI-powered Social Engineering and its Possible Cure\" (Yu et al. 2024)<\/a><br> The survey shows how diffusion models and LLMs make phishing and impersonation more personalised and convincing. It categorises AI-enabled social engineering into \"3E phases\" (Enlarging, Enriching, Emerging), highlighting how attackers can scale campaigns, introduce novel vectors, and exploit new threats, making the delivery of malicious payloads more effective.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">AI-generated voice fraud \/ phishing - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/bank-account-scam-deepfakes-ai-voice-generator-crime-fraud-2025-5\">\"I scammed my bank\" (Hoover 2025)<\/a><br> A journalist experiment that exposes AI-generated deepfake voice used to scam bank accounts.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393154\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"exploitation\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1fe6dd33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1fe6dd33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58088b81 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"58088b81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7202206e elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7202206e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Exploitation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-364919c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"364919c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a28d96b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a28d96b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The attacker triggers the payload to exploit a vulnerability and gain unauthorised access to the target system. After infiltrating the organisation, the attacker uses this access to move laterally between systems to find relevant information (e.g., sensitive data, additional vulnerabilities, email servers etc) and harm the organisation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50a656da elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"50a656da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How AI changes exploitation: <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3841535f elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3841535f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>AI assists attackers in identifying, understanding and exploiting system weaknesses by automating vulnerability discovery (for example, intelligent fuzzing and guided scanning), constructing attack trees and proposing exploitation paths. It can also generate adversarial inputs that bypass security tools or exploit defences.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-text-color=\"#E8EEFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-219b8b7 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"219b8b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>Extent of impact: Medium. AI improves discovery speed and effectiveness, especially against complex systems.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FFFFFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a020351 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a020351\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d3c9708 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d3c9708\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Case highlighted: The Morris II AI worm<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c8400e4 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c8400e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2403.02817\">researchers<\/a> demonstrated a novel form of self-propagating worm that did not rely on exploiting conventional software vulnerabilities. Instead, it targeted generative AI systems themselves.<\/p><p>Named <em>Morris II<\/em> in reference to the notorious 1988 Morris Worm, this proof-of-concept attack employed adversarial prompts to manipulate AI models into reproducing and distributing malicious instructions. Once a system was \u201cinfected\u201d, the worm could autonomously generate further prompts that induced the AI to replicate the attack and transmit it to other models.<\/p><p>Unlike traditional worms, which typically exploit unpatched code, <em>Morris II<\/em> spread by exploiting the openness and unpredictability of generative AI behaviour. The demonstration underscored that as organisations increasingly embed generative AI into operational workflows, they may expose novel attack surfaces where the vulnerability lies not in source code but in training data and model responses.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a4daae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6a4daae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-826da44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-marcs-collapsible-content\" data-id=\"826da44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"marcs-collapsible-content.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-wrapper\" data-widget-id=\"826da44\" data-default-state=\"closed\" data-animation-duration=\"300\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-heading-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFurther readings\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"marcs-collapsible-content-826da44\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-icon-closed\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-icon-opened\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- First nested container: Content Area -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-content-area elementor-element elementor-element-3ac993a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ac993a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<!-- Second nested container: Collapsible Content -->\n\t\t\t<div id=\"marcs-collapsible-content-826da44\" class=\"marcs-collapsible-content-wrapper marcs-collapsible-hidden elementor-element elementor-element-19642f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"19642f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-758fc8a elementor-align-start elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"758fc8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Adversarial and offensive AI - <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2506.12519\">\"Exploiting AI for Attacks: On the Interplay between Adversarial AI and Offensive AI\" (Shr\u00f6er &amp; Pajola 2025)<\/a><br> The study outlines how attackers can exploit vulnerabilities in AI systems through adversarial inputs, or weaponise AI itself to launch more effective exploits against traditional targets, highlighting the dual role of AI as both a tool and a target in cyberattacks.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Adversarial malware binaries - <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1803.04173\">\"Adversarial Malware Binaries: Evading Deep Learning for Malware Detection in Executables\" (Kolosnjarski et al. 2018)<\/a><br> The study showcases gradient-based attacks that modify less than 1% of bytes in executables while preserving functionality, successfully evading deep-learning malware detectors trained on raw bytes.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393155\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"installation\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2c90b1ab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c90b1ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fd93ff2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6fd93ff2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d214575 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d214575\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Installation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f00d68 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8f00d68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-737642f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"737642f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The attacker installs malware or backdoors to maintain (hidden) persistent access and control inside the target system.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66c771ef elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66c771ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How AI changes installation: <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a16f72a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a16f72a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>AI can produce adaptive persistence techniques and suggest the most effective installation vectors by analysing prior stages&#8217; data, but full automation of the nuanced, decision-heavy installation phase remains limited. Where applied, AI enables malware to modify behaviour to avoid detection and to select optimal timing and entry points.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-text-color=\"#E8EEFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7636ef22 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7636ef22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>Extent of impact: Medium. AI improves persistence and stealth, but full automation remains limited because installation demands contextual decisions.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FFFFFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10ffcb38 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"10ffcb38\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2962cf elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2962cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Case highlighted: Ransomware that learns to hide<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24cb8f40 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24cb8f40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LCN58197.2023.10223320\">researchers<\/a> introduced a system known as <em>EGAN<\/em>, an AI model developed to explore how ransomware might employ learning strategies to evade detection. Unlike traditional static malware, which is either identified or overlooked, <em>EGAN<\/em> operated through iterative experimentation.<\/p><p>The system repeatedly modified the ransomware code, testing successive variants until it produced one that could bypass antivirus defences while retaining full functionality. In effect, the malware \u201clearned\u201d how to circumvent anomaly-based detection mechanisms that are normally effective at identifying suspicious behaviour.<\/p><p>Although created within a research environment, <em>EGAN<\/em> demonstrated how AI-driven persistence mechanisms could render ransomware significantly more difficult to detect and eradicate once deployed. Rather than depending on predefined evasion techniques, the malware adapted dynamically, raising the prospect of near-\u201cunkillable\u201d malicious software.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9857ded e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9857ded\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00dff06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-marcs-collapsible-content\" data-id=\"00dff06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"marcs-collapsible-content.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-wrapper\" data-widget-id=\"00dff06\" data-default-state=\"closed\" data-animation-duration=\"300\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-heading-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFurther readings\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"marcs-collapsible-content-00dff06\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-icon-closed\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-icon-opened\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- First nested container: Content Area -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-content-area elementor-element elementor-element-6a4687e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6a4687e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<!-- Second nested container: Collapsible Content -->\n\t\t\t<div id=\"marcs-collapsible-content-00dff06\" class=\"marcs-collapsible-content-wrapper marcs-collapsible-hidden elementor-element elementor-element-4d98524 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d98524\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b746c7 elementor-align-start elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"1b746c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">RL-based malware evasion - <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1801.08917\">\"Learning to Evade Static PE Machine Learning Malware Models via Reinforcement Learning\" (Anderson et al. 2018)<\/a><br> The study shows how reinforcement learning agents can iteratively modify Windows PE malware with functionality-preserving changes to evade static machine-learning malware detectors, enabling fully black-box, adaptive installation of persistent malware.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393156\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"command-control\" data-tab-index=\"6\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6662cff9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6662cff9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-694a2f5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"694a2f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4477c8e5 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4477c8e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Command and control<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eb87b1c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2eb87b1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35519003 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35519003\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After gaining control of multiple systems, the attacker creates a control center to exploit them remotely. The attacker establishes remote communication with the compromised system, via different channels (e.g., web, DNS, or email) to control operations and evade detection. The attacker uses different techniques such as obfuscation to cover their tracks and avoid detection, or denial-of-service (DoS) attacks to distract security professionals from their true objectives.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43c5bb2c elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"43c5bb2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How AI changes command and control (C2): <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6af9a732 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6af9a732\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>AI enables more covert C2 communications by generating traffic that mimics legitimate activity, designing evasive domain-generation algorithms and orchestrating decentralised, adaptive botnets. It can also tune C2 behaviour to evade anomaly detectors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-text-color=\"#E8EEFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c51d41 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c51d41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>Extent of impact: Medium. AI increases C2 sophistication and resilience, but operational constraints limit widespread adoption.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FFFFFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-120f33eb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"120f33eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45aaa304 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45aaa304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Case highlighted: AI-coordinated botnets, swarms with a mind of their own<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73081ded elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73081ded\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2304.03669\">researchers<\/a> demonstrated a novel form of botnet powered by AI. Conventional botnets typically rely on a central command-and-control (C2) server through which a single hub issues instructions that compromised machines, or \u201cbots\u201d, then execute. This architecture, however, can often be disrupted once defenders identify and disable the central server.<\/p><p>The AI-enabled botnet adopted a different model. Each node in the network employed reinforcement learning to autonomously determine when to initiate attacks, which targets to pursue, and how to adapt tactics in response to defensive measures. Rather than awaiting centralised instructions, the bots collaborated in a decentralised manner, functioning as a form of self-organising hive.<\/p><p>This design rendered the botnet more resilient and more difficult to detect. Even if some nodes were neutralised, the remainder could adapt and continue operating. For defenders, the task was no longer limited to disrupting a single server but instead required countering a distributed, adaptive swarm of compromised machines.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28402c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28402c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f65a6ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-marcs-collapsible-content\" data-id=\"f65a6ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"marcs-collapsible-content.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-wrapper\" data-widget-id=\"f65a6ad\" data-default-state=\"closed\" data-animation-duration=\"300\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-heading-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFurther readings\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"marcs-collapsible-content-f65a6ad\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-icon-closed\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-icon-opened\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- First nested container: Content Area -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-content-area elementor-element elementor-element-7271655 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7271655\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<!-- Second nested container: Collapsible Content -->\n\t\t\t<div id=\"marcs-collapsible-content-f65a6ad\" class=\"marcs-collapsible-content-wrapper marcs-collapsible-hidden elementor-element elementor-element-1a63973 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a63973\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-766c383 elementor-align-start elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"766c383\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">AI-based log tampering and trace hiding - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackthebox.com\/blog\/anti-forensics-techniques\">\"5 anti-forensics techniques to trick investigators (+ examples &amp; detection tips)\" (CyberJunkie 2023)<\/a><br> Reports in 2024-2025 described how AI could be used to erase or alter digital logs to hide attacks from investigators, though full real-world examples are still rare.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Bypassing GAN-based network intrusion detection systems - <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BigDataSecurity-HPSC-IDS49724.2020.00020\">\"NAttack! Adversarial Attacks to bypass a GAN based classifier trained to detect Network intrusion\" (Piplai et al. 2020)<\/a><br> The study shows how adversarial attacks can successfully evade GAN-trained intrusion detection systems, allowing attackers to disguise C2 traffic as normal network activity.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393157\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"action-objectives\" data-tab-index=\"7\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 7;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-31db6098 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"31db6098\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48f13215 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48f13215\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a164973 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a164973\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Action on objectives<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8d028b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c8d028b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d6c5949 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d6c5949\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The attacker executes their ultimate goal, such as data exfiltration, data encryption or data destruction.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-661b3117 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"661b3117\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How AI changes action on objectives: <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c2e30b3 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c2e30b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>AI accelerates and refines the final tasks of an attack: automated data exfiltration, prioritisation of high-value assets, tailored extortion messaging and large-scale content generation for disinformation or disruption. Final strategic decisions often still require human judgement, but AI shortens the path to those decisions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-text-color=\"#E8EEFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12ffc0a0 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12ffc0a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>Extent of impact: Medium. AI expedites and scales objective-oriented activity but does not wholly replace human intent.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FFFFFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eebb40a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eebb40a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-532b1aea elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"532b1aea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Case highlighted: PromptLocker, an AI-driven ransomware orchestration<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1af21cf6 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1af21cf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tomshardware.com\/tech-industry\/cyber-security\/ai-powered-promptlocker-ransomware-is-just-an-nyu-research-project-the-code-worked-as-a-typical-ransomware-selecting-targets-exfiltrating-selected-data-and-encrypting-volumes\">researchers at New York University introduced <em>PromptLocker<\/em><\/a>, a proof-of-concept ransomware system controlled by a large language model. Unlike conventional ransomware, which follows predefined behaviours, <em>PromptLocker<\/em> made decisions in real time and automated multiple stages of the attack lifecycle. In the demonstration the model autonomously:<\/p><ul><li>selected the most valuable targets within a compromised system,<\/li><li>exfiltrated sensitive data prior to encryption, increasing leverage over victims,<\/li><li>encrypted volumes and files to deny access<\/li><li>generated tailored ransom notes, adjusting tone and demands to the victim&#8217;s profile (for example, financial capacity and sector).<\/li><\/ul><p>Although the work was carried out in a controlled research environment, <em>PromptLocker<\/em> illustrated how generative AI can automate and scale tasks that previously required human planning, thereby accelerating attackers&#8217; ability to achieve their objectives and adapt to changing circumstances.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8112707 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8112707\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eff1db0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-marcs-collapsible-content\" data-id=\"eff1db0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"marcs-collapsible-content.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-wrapper\" data-widget-id=\"eff1db0\" data-default-state=\"closed\" data-animation-duration=\"300\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-heading-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFurther readings\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"marcs-collapsible-content-eff1db0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-icon-closed\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"marcs-collapsible-icon-opened\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- First nested container: Content Area -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"marcs-collapsible-content-area elementor-element elementor-element-b3c5f7b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b3c5f7b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<!-- Second nested container: Collapsible Content -->\n\t\t\t<div id=\"marcs-collapsible-content-eff1db0\" class=\"marcs-collapsible-content-wrapper marcs-collapsible-hidden elementor-element elementor-element-cc562f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cc562f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-256dbcb elementor-align-start elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"256dbcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">AI-generated misinformation at scale - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/pro-russia-disinformation-campaign-free-ai-tools\/\">\"A Pro-Russia Disinformation Campaign Is Using Free AI Tools to Fuel a 'Content Explosion'\" (Gilbert 2025)<\/a><br> The article explains how the Russia-linked Operation Overload campaign (2023-2025) uses AI tools to mass-produce fake images, videos and voice-cloned clips of public figures. This material spreads widely via bot networks on social media to push divisive narratives.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">AI-crafted fake social profiles for amplification - <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54501\/jots.v2i4.197\">\"Characteristics and prevalence of fake social media profiles with AI-generated faces\" (Yang et al. 2024)<\/a><br> The investigation found over 1400 Twitter accounts using AI-generated profile pictures, organised into networks to boost scams and politically charged messages, with thousands of such accounts active daily.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">AI-created fake documents and news outlets (psyops) - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/united-states\/lies-russia-tells-itself\">\"The Lies Russia Tells Itself The Country's Propagandists Target the West\u2014but Mislead the Kremlin, Too\" (Rid 2024)<\/a><br> The article explains how an ongoing Doppelg\u00e4nger campaign has been creating convincing counterfeit versions of legitimate news websites and publishing AI-generated articles to promote pro-Russian narratives across the West.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393158\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-12708393158\" data-tab-index=\"8\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 8;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-b4ce08a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b4ce08a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83a6060 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"83a6060\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Discussion Questions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c35b6f4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c35b6f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26bb7a0 elementor-align-start elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"26bb7a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Which step of the Cyber Kill Chain is likely to be most transformed by AI in the future, and why? And at present, at which stage does AI deliver the most promising results for attackers? At which stage does implementing AI seem less effective and promising? <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Does AI tilt the advantage in cyberspace more toward attackers or defenders?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Will widespread access to AI level the playing field for amateurs, or mostly empower well-resourced adversaries?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">How does AI\u2019s ability to automate and accelerate the cyber kill chain change the nature of cyberattacks?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Could AI make attacks so fast and adaptive that traditional defense frameworks become obsolete?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Who bears responsibility when AI models are misused for cyberattacks: developers, deployers, or attackers?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">How can policymakers regulate offensive AI without stifling innovation in defensive or civilian applications?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Will AI push cyber conflict toward more autonomous, \u201cmachine-on-machine\u201d warfare?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Could AI fundamentally change the cyber kill chain model into something nonlinear and continuously adaptive?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-12708393159\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-12708393159\" data-tab-index=\"9\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 9;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-90d1350 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"90d1350\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b71da80 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b71da80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d053a6e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d053a6e\" 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Preprint, arXiv, 22 July 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2407.15912.\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>AI in Cyber Offence How AI changes the Cyber Kill Chain Home AI in Cyber Defence AI in Cyber Offence Offensive cyber operations are deliberate actions conducted in cyberspace to infiltrate, disrupt, or destroy adversary systems in pursuit of strategic objectives. They are commonly framed through the Cyber Kill Chain, a framework originally developed by [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":55699,"parent":61455,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"both","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":301,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-61465","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61465","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61465"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68302,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61465\/revisions\/68302"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61455"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/virtual-routes.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}